Macro photography is a photo of objects that are comparable or smaller to the size of a film frame or the size of a digital matrix, if it is a digital camera.
It is assumed that after the act of photographing, the photo image will be printed and its size will be larger than the actual dimensions of the object. Macro photography is not much different from standard photography. That is, the process is as follows - we measure the illumination, focus, set the shutter speed and aperture, and press the shutter release. Based on this, the main task of macro photography is focusing.
We need to get the maximum depth of field at a short distance, we need to set a large aperture value, for example 1/22 or 1/16. Further, when taking macro photos with a lens with a focal length of 50 mm, the depth of field at a distance of 30 cm with an aperture of 1/2.8 is only 4 mm, and with an aperture of 1/22 only 4 cm. Such a depth of field is sufficient for macro photography of beetles and various small insects. However, it is not very suitable for macro photography of jewelry, say, a necklace. Jewelry requires a greater depth of field.
In those small cases, if an "unreal" depth of field is needed, Tilt-Shift lenses come to the rescue, the design of which allows you not to worry about this problem. Since when taking photos, the aperture must be closed quite strongly, therefore, the shutter speed in some cases is set slightly longer, then there is a need to use a tripod to eliminate the so-called "blur" in the future photo. When taking macro photos, using a regular external flash, or even worse, a built-in one, can result in shadows from the lens appearing in the photo.
The essence of the problem is that the subject is too close to the lens, and due to natural physical characteristics, the lens becomes an obstacle to the light from the flash. Therefore, when taking macro photos, you need to use a special ring flash for macro photography, and the best option, both in terms of cost and capabilities, is an external flash with IR synchronization or simply a cable. In this version, when taking macro photos, the flash is located in your hand, which increases its creative component and gives room for experimentation. The greatest result, as well as more possibilities, are obtained with illumination from several flashes.
However, it is important to understand the synchronization of these flashes. Flashes with diffusers and reflectors give some advantage in macro photography. When shooting on film, be sure to use a flash meter, since manual calculation is very difficult, but when using a digital camera, the aperture value is calculated automatically. Keep in mind that the result, with a completely clear photograph of the object, both in the center and at the edges of the frame, is unrealistic, because the film or digital matrix is flat, and the distance to the center and to the edges of the object is different.
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